Marketing Environment Audit & Marketing Plan - Porter Forces Analysis

Question: Describe about the marketing environment audit and marketing plan of the Power Up drink? Answer: Introduction Power Up is an energy drink introduced by a UK based startup- Pure Health Pvt Ltd. The goal of the company is to make its latest energy drink Power Up as the superior and leading energy drink in the domestic market initially and then gradually expand in the international market. The mission of the company is to become the leader in producing the energy drink through organic and hygienic process. This report would be discussing the marketing environment audit and marketing plan of the Power Up drink. The report would also evaluate the marketing communication activities of the competitors of Power Up drink in the energy drink sector. Marketing Environment Audit Role of the marketing environment audit Marketing Audit is an efficient examination of a marketing activities, techniques, objectives and environment with a perspective to distinguishing key issues, problem areas and opportunities. It plays a key role in planning the business arrangement for advertising in a specific market and is useful for outlining marketing plan. This process of marketing audit is the part of the audit process by the management which incorporates financial audit, personnel audit and operations audit. The marketing plan will be pretty much comparable to the arrangement of data in which it prepared on. There are different tools and strategies that can be utilized to lead marketing audit. As per Ph. Kotler, M. McDonald and H. Meffert- marketing audit is an exhaustive, precise, free and intermittent examination of activities, environment, goals and procedures of the organization, which expects to recognize issue ranges and opportunities and proposals for further activity to streamline marketing organizatio n. Marketing Audit process is the premise whereupon an arrangement of activity to enhance performance of the marketing process can be fabricated. The marketing audit process gives answers to inquiries: How the organization is performing in accordance to the customer perception, profitability, and market share? What might it accomplish if it keeps on pursuing its present techniques and where it is reaching? What are its methodologies how has it come to here? One of the best tools of analysing the marketing Audit is SWOT analysis. Strength: Power Up is a provocative, audacious, aggressive brand. Being a start up company it has decided to launch lots of promotions and campaigns for the target audiences and also sponsorships. It is organic and fresh juice. Additionally they are creating some focused and aggressive marketing campaigns that indicate clear strategies and goals. Weakness: Weakness is that the company do not have any reputation in the market. People are not aware of the brand. They have small staff. There is a need of lot of hires to train for and proper organizational learning. Since people have become tech-savy setting up good reputation on the internet will be quite difficult. Opportunity: There is a growing need for organic products in the market. Since the company- Pure Health Pvt Ltd will be focusing on using organic ingredients for preparing the energy drink there is an opportunity to capture the organic market. The company would be focusing on Government Programs to support the energy drink promotions. Additionally the new generation target audiences appreciate high-end labels and bottling so this is an opportunity for Pure health to meet the need. Threat: The business sector is growing and expanding with many opportunities, but developments in the technology will be bit difficult to adapt. Any kind of wrong change in the focus of the company may bring in difficulty for the brand to sustain in the competitive market. Additionally many companies in this sector are setting up vertical integration process through setting up their supply and distribution channels. There are huge fluctuations in the prices being supplied. High competition in the market is creating new marketing campaigns. Macro (external) environment The external environment of the company can be analysed using the PESTLE tool (Political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental). Political: The energy drinks politically is under investigation because of occurrences where many energy drink companies consumptions has prompted deaths typically in conjunction with liquor utilization. While these deaths are less but are under the consideration of media. Economic: The industry of energy drink has kept extending at a twofold figure rate for the most recent decade, this development has generally been unaffected by the downturn has outperformed other practically identical commercial enterprises. This is truly a demonstration of the developing ubiquity of energy drinks particularly as they have a tendency to be significantly more extravagant than substitutes, for example, mineral coffee. There is a slowdown of worldwide figures of energy drink in the developed economies. Social: The companies of energy drinks are extremely dynamic on social networking sites, for example, Facebook Twitter. Socially the energy drink brands are seen as cool because of the compelling games picture group sponsorships. This cool picture has helped organizations to turn out to be very famous with clubbers, understudies drivers. However, these drinks get a considerable measure of feedback through new computerized media, for example, sites, particularly in connection to deaths that were brought about by inordinate consumption of energy drink with spirits. Alcohol consumptions together with these energy drinks are truly famous amongst clubbers and students because of the energy it boosts. Additionally, many companies of energy drink are being cleared up in the general health pattern which has existed for as long as couple of years, has brought about the arrival of options for sugar. Technological: Technological factors are essentially restricted to enhanced assembling transport capacity. Development in this industry has a tendency to originate from segmentation of product. The most critical Technological consider the Energy Drinks Industry is the Internet. This creation has permitted individuals over the world interface with the brands from the solace of their home, whether it is viral ads to make buzz on YouTube ever or simply collaborating with their online networking page. Legal: Legitimately there is an expanding measure being taken against every single unhealthy products in the market, for example, sodas, particularly in connection to promoting at kids. Energy drinks specifically are taking a great deal of fire from political foundations which are hoping to utmost their purpose of offer. This is down to two reasons rising stoutness amongst youngsters grown-ups, likewise the prominent deaths connected with the consumption of energy drink. Environmental: While there is sure contaminations cause by the assembling of energy drinks. The Industry is exceptionally centered on packaging reusing. The most well-known type of packaging is the aluminium can which is 100% recyclable. A percentage of the least expensive brands do use packaging using plastic for their products however these are less recyclable. Key contemporary trends The sales of energy drinks worldwide came to 44 billion in 2014 (about $49.9 billion), as indicated by BeverageDaily.com, an online news administration covering the beverage and food industry. That is a 5% increment more than 2013 deals. Energy drinks are a piece of the more extensive soft drink classification, which incorporates carbonated refreshments, foods grown from the sports drinks, bottled water, vegetable juices and refreshment concentrates. The market of energy drink has become saturated, making it hard for little and new organizations to contend. No organizations seem to represent a genuine risk to Rockstar, Monster or Red Bull performance. There may be room in the market for energy drink in for organizations that separate themselves from the main players' brands, which look strikingly comparative in their publicizing, advancements, and sponsorships. Contenders face difficulties, for example, circulation, getting rack space, and by and large offering something interesting from the huge three- Red Bull, Rockstar and Monster. Second trend in the market of energy drink is with extra fixings that should improve athletic execution and recuperation. We may additionally begin seeing more energy drinks beetroot extract and creatine, n-acetyl-l-tyrosine, protein, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Other moderately new mixed bags of existing energy drink have offering focuses like no caffeine, no calories, no sugar and no carbs. There are additionally espresso flavours and non-carbonated flavours. Other promoting methods incorporate restricted version beverages offered just in certain store chains and flavours customized for distinctive nations. The non-alcoholic drink industry has been changed due to the introduction of this energy drinks in the market. As Generation Y ages, they will expand favour energy drinks that fit into a healthier, more develop way of life. Drink organizations ready to exploit this demographic movement will wind up on top. With close indistinguishable choices customers get confounded and head to solidness as the first-mover this has a tendency to be Red Bull. Beast handled this test by presenting items and flavours for each taste realizing that once a client in the end attempted and discovered a Monster beverage they appreciated they'd be more inclined to attempt other Monster items later on. Creature is as yet focusing on the same market as Red Bull however its doing as such with item separation. Differentiation in terms of experience, quality, price, packaging and ingredients can be verging on any. Porters Five Forces analysis Substitute threats: The threat of substitutes is high for the energy drinks in the market. Various energy products, sodas, fruit juices, soft drinks are available in the market. The consumers have many choices to meet their needs. Rivalry threat: Presently there are many energy drinks brands in the market like Rockstars, Red Bull, Monster etc. Red Bull has already captured the energy drink market with major market share. There is threat is high from the present competitors in the market. New entrants threat: The energy drink market has already reached its saturation. But still many entrants are entering the market. Companies like Pepsi, Coca Cola are also planning to introduce their own energy drink. Since the entering cost is less in this industry many new entrants are entering and creating high threat. Bargaining power of suppliers: The suppliers bargaining power is less as the raw materials and ingredients are easily available. Bargaining power of buyers: The bargaining power of customers is high as there is high availability of products in the market to switch too. Any chances in this area can decrease the purchasing power. Marketing Plan SMART objectives The objectives of the organization are: To achieve minimum of 40% market share within 2017 in the energy drink market sector To offer the best quality drink and best service to the customers, employee value and expand in the international markets like Asia, USA and Australia Developing an online shopping process with 2017 for busy target audiences STP strategy Power Up is a way of life and self-expression brand image that engages the more youthful ladies portion of the millennial generation. Digital and social networking is the favoured approach to achieve the objective business sector, and a lot of advertising ought to be committed in this area. A wellbeing cognizant item with no calories, carbs, or sugar will be offered to speak to the millennial market overall. Labelled product data is additionally imperative to these subcultures, and the brand will be speaking to the transparent and authentic prerequisites of the group. This shows that the Power Up initially would be following benefit segmentation. Power Up will diversify the drink market by being organic in its nature. This drink will help to lessen the fat formation in the ladies' body furthermore serves to stimulate and be strong and energetic throughout the day. Power Up will be targeted in two categories: secondary target audiences like Amusement Parks, hotels, mall, restaurants, Movie Theatres, Airports or Railway, Pharmaceutical shops, Supermarkets and shops. Additionally the primary market would be the women of age 20-40 years old, who love to have more nutritional products, are health conscious and are price sensitive. Power up will be positioned as the low price product with high quality nutrients. The company will be using the penetration strategy which targets the price sensitive people and also helps to enter the market. It is purely organic in its nature and uses only vegetables, fruits and dry fruits. 7Ps of Marketing Association ought to dependably dispatch a fruitful product marketing mix with correct place, right value, utilizing the right marketing promotions for the products. 7P's is a developed marketing mix that comprises of promotion, place, price and products, physical evidence, process and people. Product: There are three different levels of product- core, augmented and actual. What the customers are actually getting from the brand or the products is the core benefit. The core benefit of Power Up is to keep the women energetic, refresh their mind and reduce fat. The actual benefit of the product is that it is 100% organic. The extra benefit that makes the product augmented is post- purchase service provided to the customers to collect their feedback. The product life cycle is divided into four different stages, introduction stage, growth stage, maturity stage and decline stage. The Power Up is in the introduction stage. The product sales in this stage are low and are vital at this stage to make the clients mindful of this item and its advantages. The promoting expense at this stage is high for Pure Health as there is a fast need to expand the attention to the buyers. Place: Product will be launched initially in main cities of UK and then would try to capture the untapped markets. Consumers can buy this energy drink Power Up from pharmaceutical shops, any super markets and other shops like sweets shops, beverages shops etc. Additionally by 2017 the organisation would be opening an online shopping place where people can buy from sitting at home. Price: The Company would be following a penetration pricing strategy which will offer low cost product in its introduction stage of life cycle then gradually increase the prices as and when they keep growing in the market. The prices are: 50 Oz Can: 1.00 16 Oz PET Bottle:0.75 8 Oz PET Bottle: 0.30 Promotion: For promoting the product in the UK market the company would be using Internet marketing. The product will be displayed in the Facebook, Twitter and website along with its benefits. A free health e-book will be provided to the women to take care beauty and health. Additionally, TV advertising will also be used. The promotion will be basically indicated amid the time when ladies revive themselves by seeing TV in all the channels. Here the local lady would be highlighting the product as a brand ambassador. Addition print media will also be used. The product will be promoted in the national magazine after the grand opening of the 3 branches in UK. People: The advancement key is the remunerating framework and inspiration in the association to address the issues of the representatives and thus meeting the clients need. Training and development will be the key method to prepare the workers to comprehend the business sector and present the item in the business sector. Physical evidence: Power Up, will be intensely actualizing the digitisation process for watching the needs of ladies and their patterns of being solid and delightful by being accessible on facebook and own sites. The items will likewise be sold in fundamental urban communities of UK at first and afterward will be extending in different urban areas as well. Process: To achieve better sales revenue the following process will be used: Source: Made By Author Promotional strategy The Power Up will use the focus generic business strategy of Michael Porter. It is utilizations the niche marketing strategy by concentrating on a solitary target market. In this method the association primarily concentrates on few target audiences like Women. This helps the company have strong benefits over its competitors in the market. It utilizes both the variations of Focus system that is cost concentrate by looking for expense advantage by setting low value contrasted with the rivals in the objective portion furthermore differentiations concentrate by making 100% organic drink using vegetables or fruits and dry fruits mix. As Power Up is serving the clients exceptionally, the company have a tendency to build up strong image of the brand utilizing this product, expand brand dedication furthermore expand the benefit (Kossowski, 2007). Additionally, branding also plays a vital role in the promoting the product. Branding reflects the nature and number of all the elements of a brand that the organisation offers. Traditionally there are three main branding options: Individual brand, family brand and corporate brand. Individual Branding: Every brand has an alternate name, putting it into an acknowledged competition against diverse brands from the same association. Individual brand names ordinarily allow more noticeable versatility by permitting a blend of unmistakable things, of shifting quality, to be sold without bewildering the customer's impression of what business the association is in or debilitating higher item quality (Wright, 2006). Family Brand: A typical name for brand is used for all the results of the association. The goodwill joined with the family name of the brand points of interest all brands and the use of the name in notification of one brand helps the progression of every single one of brands passing on the family name (Davis, 2010). Corporate Branding: Here the association utilizes the organization name as a part of item being dispatched (Kotler and Pfoertsch, 2010). Pure Health Pvt Ltd will be utilizing individual brand name for Power Up which would just be concentrating on the Women's energy and health in UK first. The slogan that will be used for this make it balance with Power Up. This slogan is chosen to show how women need to balance their career and home both equally (Shimp and Shimp, 2007). Additionally a TV advert will be used. To highlight the energy effect and the nutritional value of Power Up, the company uses the broadcast media platform to promote the product. It uses the support of doctor to highlight the value of the ingredients present in Power Up(Shimp, 2010). Picking the casting, the company, shuns the allure and soundness of nearby local Woman from UK will be chosen as the brand ambassador of Power Up, adjusting both her career and home effectively with energy till day ends. This would be a TV advert for 57mins highlights the obligations of ladies as a mother, calling furthermore wife and the tiredness she feels by the day's end, as yet staying with numerous obligations to finish. Having the Power Up drink she feels new, enthusiastic and again starts her work with fresh mind and energy. Toward the end it will demonstrate the offer of buy 1 get one free (Shah, 2014). Additionally bulletin campaigns will also be used. An innovative outlining of Billboard can be hard to draw in and miss in thought from miles around. Bulletins are the most surely understood appearance of open air promoting. Broad and prominently set, promoting workplaces are industriously considering new and innovative ways to deal with use them to grab the thought and inventive vitality of their proposed target audiences (Fillis and Rentschler, 2006). Evaluation of the Competitors Marketing Communications Activities Energy Drink is a developing area. Canadian, a worldwide refreshment statistical surveying association, expresses that in the previous ten years, caffeinated drinks' volume has more than quadrupled crosswise over both nations. The business volume is required to grow however at a lower rate, showing of a quick drawing closer develop business sector state (Langley 2013). As per the Canadean, various elements have expanded caffeinated drinks' volume. These components incorporate the accompanying: expanded purchaser premium, new buyers, expanding of item varieties, and expanded advertising. Red Bull caffeinated beverage is driving the business sector of caffeinated drink in a matter of seconds. The business volume for caffeinated beverages is relied upon to increment but at a lower rate, demonstrating of a quick drawing closer develops business state (Langley 2013). In 2012, Red Bull was the second biggest brand driving development altogether Non-Alcoholic Beverages altogether Supermarkets. Red Bull remains the world's most-expended caffeinated beverage with 5.2 billion jars sold in 2012 (euromonitor.com, 2013). Red Bull Energy Drink has 13 stock keeping units over various sizes, flavours, and configurations including the Energy Drink, Sugar free, and The Editions (fmcg.co.nz, 2014). Red Bull propelled new releases because of its mind-boggling pattern in the classification, demonstrating that shoppers were requesting expanded decision inside of their most loved caffeinated beverage brands. In October 2012, Red Bull discharged three new flavor variations The Blue Edition (Blueberry), The Silver Edition (Lime), and The Red Edition (Cranberry) (fmcg.co.nz, 2014). Red Bull aluminum container supplanted the current glass bottle in September 2012. This was a development for a caffeinated beverage to move far from glass jugs to give the buyer a novel drinking background (fmcg.co.nz, 2014) The present purchaser patterns for the caffeinated beverages section incorporate refreshment and premium evaluating. Refreshment The line between caffeinated beverages and carbonated drinks are starting to obscure. Already, shoppers requested caffeinated beverages only for practical reasons and searched somewhere else for refreshment. Today, customers are requesting that drinks give utilitarian advantages and refreshment (fmcg.co.nz, 2014). Premium valuing Consumers are willing to pay a premium cost if the item conveys an important recommendation that is taste, mixed bag, practical advantages, and refreshment (fmcg.co.nz, 2014). Practical advantages identify with expanding body vitality without the utilization of drug. Consequently, caffeinated beverages were at first well known with sportspeople. However, today, overall public is requesting refreshment and vitality for routine workdays (fmcg.co.nz, 2014). In 2011, Red Bull $185 million caffeinated savers class Australia by owing 36 % (Blain 2011). Red Bull has additionally possessed the capacity to keep up its authority by taking after specific procedures recorded underneath. Launch Red Bull Editions, aluminium container presented (Energy drinks 2014) Owns wide circulation channel like contender V (Blain 2011). Sponsors and claims great sport's universal groups Advertise internationally 5.3 billion jars sold in 2013 (Company 2014). The ever green free drink promoting strategy. Slogan "Red Bull Gives You Wings" rouses competitors and the adolescent (Oswald, 2015). Red Bull actualized Wall-to-Wall Production at the creation site which means jars are fabricated and filled on the same site. In this manner, more than 7,000,000km of truck travel is spared every year in light of the fact that void jars are not transported for filling. One end to the other Production additionally spares 5,313 tons of CO2 emanations each year (Can lifecycle 2014). Red Bull is profoundly included in corporate social obligation. Red Bull jars are light in weight and 100% recyclable. Reusing a Red Bull can takes 95% less vitality than making one. Red Bull GmbH intentionally changed to aluminium jars. The jars weight 60% less weight and spares valuable crude material. Likewise the jars can be reused again and again without loss of value (Can lifecycle 2014). Positioning map of Power Up In the map it is seen that the position of Power Up in the market is analysed, against the market share and the brand loyalty. The market share is taken in the vertical axis and the brand loyalty is taken in the horizontal axis. The market share of Red Bull is the highest in the market so as the brand loyalty. The people prefer red bull than any other beverage, and it is closely followed by Monster and Rockstar. Power Up has a low market share compared to the others. In the year 2014, it was seen that the market share of Red Bull was 43%, followed by Monster 39% and Rockstar 10%, it is seen that Power Up has less than 10% market share and NOS has a market share of 3%. Conclusion In conclusion it can be said that the report has effectively analysed the marketing plans and audit of a new energy drink launched by a startup. The drink is named as Power Up which is introduced by Pure Health Pvt Ltd. The drink is targeted towards the women of age 20-40years are health conscious and are price sensitive. The report finds that Power up would be using the benefit segmentation. It would segment the market based on the value it adds to the consumers. The report also makes a competitor analysis of the product. The main competitor is Red Bull. It is found that is uses its CSR activities, market leadership strategies, consumer trends and also product variations. For marketing audit it is suggested that PESTLE analysis and also SWOT analysis is the best tool to audit the external and internal environment of the report. References Belch, G. and Belch, M. (2012). Advertising and promotion. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Blain, S. (2011). Popular energy drinks have the majors buzzing. [online] TheAustralian. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/popular-energy-drinks-have-the-majors-buzzing/story-e6frg8zx-1225985880656 [Accessed 9 Jun. 2015]. Can Lifecycle, (2014). Red Bull Can - Sustainability and Environment :: Energy Drink :: Red Bull. [online] Energydrink.redbull.com. Available at: https://energydrink.redbull.com/can-lifecycle [Accessed 9 Jun. 2015]. Company, (2014). Red Bull the company - Who makes Red Bull? Red Bull Origin :: Energy Drink :: Red Bull. [online] Energydrink.redbull.com. Available at: https://energydrink.redbull.com/company [Accessed 9 Jun. 2015]. Davis, J. (2010). Competitive success. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: John Wiley. euromonitor.com, (2013). RED BULL GMBH IN SOFT DRINKS (WORLD). [online] Available at: https://www.euromonitor.com/medialibrary/PDF/RedBull-Company-Profile-SWOT-Analysis.pdf [Accessed 9 Jun. 2015]. Fillis, I. and Rentschler, R. (2006). Creative marketing. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. fmcg.co.nz, (2014). Energy drinks. [online] Available at: https://www.fmcg.co.nz/features/category-reports/1569-energy-drinks [Accessed 9 Jun. 2015]. Kotler, P. and Pfoertsch, W. (2010). Ingredient branding. Heildelberg: Springer. Langley, S. (2013). Australia and NZs unique energy drinks markets. [online] Ausfoodnews.com.au. Available at: https://www.ausfoodnews.com.au/2013/05/22/australia-and-nz%e2%80%99s-%e2%80%98unique%e2%80%99-energy-drinks-markets.html [Accessed 9 Jun. 2015]. Oswald, L. (2015). Creating Value: The Theory and Practice of Marketing Semiotics Research. Oxford University Press. Shah, K. (2014). Advertising and integrated marketing communicatons. New Delhi: McGraw Hill Education (India). Shimp, T. (2010). Integrated marketing communications in advertising and promotion. Mason: South-Western/Cengage Learning. Shimp, T. and Shimp, T. (2007). Advertising, promotion, and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western. Wright, L. (2006). Consumer empowerment. Bradford, England: Emerald Group Pub.

What do Lonergan, Loewe, and Miller Say About the Mysteries of God and the Human Person

To explain the character of the relations between the man and God, it is necessary to answer the question of God’s mysteries and the nature of the human person with references to Lonergan, Loewe, and Miller. The importance of discussing the issues is based on the fact that the mysteries of God are associated with His existence and spiritual truths which form the person’s religious vision.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What do Lonergan, Loewe, and Miller Say About the Mysteries of God and the Human Person specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, to understand the character of the relations between the man and God, it is important to know the approach appropriate for characterizing the man as the human person. Thus, the human person can be discussed as a lover and as a knower (Maritain). The theologians are inclined to state that the mysteries of God can be explained with references to the human h eart and all the answers are hidden there because the human person is the man who in specific relations with God based on love and faith which roots are in the person’s heart. The discussion is organized in two parts to answer the question of Lonergan, Loewe, and Miller’s views on the mysteries of God in the first part and to present their ideas on the human person in the second part. The question of God and His mysteries is one of the most controversial points which Christians can face, but cannot answer strictly. Lonergan stresses that this question exists in the man’s horizon and can be answered only from the point of the inner interpreting. Thus, the answer is based on the â€Å"transcendental tendency of the human spirit† (Lonergan 103). Moreover, the answers to the issue of mysteries can be found also through these mysteries with references the man’s religious experience, faith, God’s word, and religious belief (Lonergan). Miller state s that â€Å"God has never become real for us, has never ceased to be an abstraction; God is something we talk about because we have learned the word† (Miller par. 7).Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, Miller accentuates that it is possible to find the answers to the question in the inner person’s despair and depression which can teach a person (Miller). In contrast, Loewe discusses the interpretation of Jesus’ theme through Jesus’ parables and miracles as the way to comprehend the mysteries (Loewe). The human person is a man who â€Å"achieves authenticity in self-transcendence† (Lonergan 104). Moreover, the human person is in love with God, his heart is open to God, and this love opens the new horizon for a man. In addition, â€Å"faith is the knowledge born of religious love†, and the faith helps find answers to understa nding God’s mysteries (Lonergan 115). Miller supports Lonergan’s idea to discuss the relations between the man and God which form the nature of the human person as the relations based on love. That is why, the human person is a lover who becomes a knower with references to the heart’s possibilities to know the spiritual truth (Miller; Maritain). In his turn, Loewe focuses on the human person’s task to interpret and learn Jesus’ lessons and messages (Loewe 79). To conclude, it is possible to note that Lonergan and Miller are inclined to associate the issues of the mysteries of God and the human person’s nature regarding the relations with God. Thus, the mysteries can be comprehended through the person’s heart in which there is love for God. On the contrary, Loewe pays more attention to discussing the question of God as the most problematic one than to interpreting the question of the human person. Works Cited Lonergan, Bernard. Method in Theology. New York, NY: Herder and Herder, 1972. Print. Loewe, William. The College Student’s Introduction to Christology. USA: Liturgical Press, 1996. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What do Lonergan, Loewe, and Miller Say About the Mysteries of God and the Human Person specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Maritain, Jacques. Man’s Approach to God. USA: Wipf Stock Pub, 2011. Print. Miller, Jerome. The Way of Suffering: A Reasoning of the Heart. 01 Apr. 1992. Web. This essay on What do Lonergan, Loewe, and Miller Say About the Mysteries of God and the Human Person was written and submitted by user Jamarion K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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Literature Review and Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Literature Review and Report - Essay Example The growth of wines in the market urged Fosters to move in these wine industries, and he earns more than expected compared to its previous business, the beer company. In the USA, it’s been stated that its continuous growth in the past 30 years has enjoyed and has never experienced two years of falling demand. But this summed up had changed when overcapacity in the production of wines occurred. And unfortunately, this instance is now the source of many of Foster’s problems. Beringer Blass Wine Estates (2004), for instance, consolidated some production and warehousing facilities, wrote down the book value of excess bulk wine inventory, and selected "non-strategic vineyards" in California and Australia to put up for sale. Same with what happened to Fosters when he encountered the overcapacity in his production, forcing Fosters to make changes before his wine business will automatically descends By the first half of 2003, Fosters earnings had dropped to 64 percent due to deep price cutting since other wine business, or its competitors had cut away their profit margins. The immediate fall of earnings of Fosters obliged him to cut costs levelled with the costs of its competitors. But Fosters didn’t engage immediately in planned change before its wine business got into trouble. Fosters was expecting that, sooner, the sales he produced on the preceding years will continue on the following years. But he rather experienced more difficulties and therefore cleared that Fosters needed to undergo significant changes to get back on track. The first he does was the appointment of a new chief executive, Trevor O’Hoy, which also headed the wine business. Their main focussed under the new chief executive, which are the biggest threats to Fosters successfully carrying out this change program, was focussed on cutting costs and improving efficiencies. An established company in a maturing market is

Applying the EMH Evaluate the Role That Government Played In Economic Essay

Applying the EMH Evaluate the Role That Government Played In Economic Recovery Using Recent Real-life Examples - Essay Example because of the market volatility due to the different government policy and the detailed study would tend to give a great learning opportunity about this adverse scenario. Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) Theory Efficient market hypothesis implies that, if any new information about a company is revealed it will be immediately incorporated into the share price rationally and rapidly, with respect to the direction of the share price movement and its size. In an efficient market except by chance, no trader will get an opportunity to earn abnormal return on a share or a return which is greater than the fair return for the risk associated to that share. The possibility of absence of abnormal profits arises because the past and current information is immediately reflected in the current share prices. The prices are affected only by the new information. EMH is concerned with under what conditions an investor can gain abnormal profits or excess returns in a stock. EMH claims that all the in formation available readily reflects in the price of the stock. According to EMH abnormal positive returns are not possible by any trader using the information available to public. Many people think that market efficiency means that it is impossible to outperform the market at any given point of time which is incorrect. Efficiency does not mean that prices will not apart from true value: At any point of time it is expected that prices will deviate from their true value, majorly because value depends on the future and future is unpredictable. Efficiency does not mean that no investor will be able to beat the market in any single time period. In an efficient market approximately one half of the shares purchased subsequently outperform not because of the skill but due to the fact that prices... This report stresses that market efficiency has been tested over a long period of time and it has been observed that movement of the stock prices follow a random walk. The random walk theory states that an investor can have a good chance of beating the market if they throw darts on New York Times stock listing pages. Investors who adhere to the random walk theory believe that searching for undervalued shares or predicting the future stock price is just a waste of time. Any new developments of government like restructuring the tax legislation, controlling the financial crisis and the inflation etc reflect in share prices of the different corporation. Followers of random walk theory believe that is impossible to predict future events and they are left with no other choice but to accept the efficient market hypothesis. This essay makes a conclusion that it cannot be denied that the government interventions play a crucial role in stabilizing the economies that were overturned due to the financial crisis as result of devaluation of properties or inability to service the debt obligations. Due to the global crisis, the investor confidence eroded which had adverse impact on the stock prices. The fluctuation in the stock prices was also due to drift in the present market condition. As a result of revised regulations and containing policies by the government, the economies started to revive and the interest of the investors were protected. This resulted in the decrease in volatility of share prices which reflects belief of the investors from their anticipation of future events in the economy. This follows the efficient market hypothesis.

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Etisalat

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Etisalat Emirates Telecommunication Corporation Etisalat was founded in 1976 as a joint-stock company between International Aeradio Limited, a British Company, and local partners. In 1983 the ownership structure changed United Arab Emirates government held a 60% share in the company and the remaining 40% were publicly traded. In 1991 the UAE central government issued Federal Law No. 1, which gave the corporation the right to provide the telecommunications wired and wireless services in the country and between UAE and other countries. It also gave the firm the right to issue licenses for owning, importing, manufacturing, using or operating telecommunication equipment. This practically gave Etisalat both regulatory and control powers, which completed the monopoly of the telecom giant in the UAE. In order to safeguard the countrys economic development, the law made provisions for the development of the telecommunication sector in the country. The increase of exchange lines from 36,000 in 1976 to more than 737,000 in 1998 was one of the important indicators of Etisalat networks growth and development. An important milestone was Etisalats commencement of international operations in January 2001, when under the brand name of Ufone it started operating out of Islamabad. Today Etisalat stands 140th among the Financial Times Top 500 Corporations in the world in terms of market capitalization, and is ranked by The Middle East magazine as the 6th largest company in the Middle East in terms of capitalization and revenues. The Corporation is the largest contributor outside the oil sector to development programmes of the UAE Federal Etisalat has also won accolades from across the region for its nationalization programme Etisalat Building in Abu Dhabi, UAE In addition to its telecommunication services provider and carrier units, Etisalat incorporates a number of additional non-telecom business units under the umbrella of Etisalat Services Holding LLC. These units support the companys operations and even provide services to other operators and organizations, namely: training and consultancy services(Etisalat Academy, SIM/smart card manufacturing and payment solutions (Ebtikar), data clearing house services (EDCH), peering/voice and data transit (Emirates Internet Exchange EMIX), call center Etisalat is a major investor in Thuraya (34.5%), a satellite geo-mobile communication systems provider. In 2006 Etisalat started a major restructuring program that resulted in the de-merger of many of its non-core business units operating under the telecoms centralized and direct management; core services were consolidated and streamlined, reflecting the companys shift from a technology-driven telecom to a customer-focused services provider. As part of the program, Etisalat has launched a re-branding campaign, releasing a new corporate logo and identity in May 2006. The restructuring culminated in the incorporation of Etisalat Services Holding LLC, which as of 2008 oversees the operation of Etisalats non-telecom business units with huge success stories . Etisalat International Investments Etisalat International Investments is the business unit of Etisalat that operates outside the UAE and manages the corporations stakes in telecommunications carriers in Afghanistan, Benin, Burkina Faso, the Central African Republic, Gabon, India, Indonesia, Iran, the Ivory Coast, Egypt, Niger, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Sri Lanka and Pakistan. The International Investments unit also manages Etisalats minor stakes in other telecommunications services providers, such as Sudatel (a mobile, fixed and Internet services provider in Sudan), and Qtel (Qatar-based telecommunications services provider). Mobily Saudi Arabia One of Etisalats first international investments was the bid to become the second mobile services operator in Saudi Arabia. Etihad Etisalat, a consortium led by Etisalat, won the 2G GSM license by offering USD $3.25 billion. Currently operating under the brand name Mobily, Etihad Etisalat offers Saudi Arabia subscribers conventional and 3.5G mobile telephony services, and has floated shares on the Saudi stock market. PTCL Pakistan Among the acquisitions of Etisalat in 2005 was a 26% management stake in Pakistan Telecommunications (PTCL) that was put on sale by the Government of Pakistan as part of a large privatization initiative. In order to outbid competitors (which included Singapore Telecommunications and China Mobile), Etisalat offered USD $2.56 billion for the stake. According to some analysts, the telecom has overpaid, as the bid went far beyond the estimated USD $2 billion value of the package. Etisalat Egypt In July 2006, a consortium led by Etisalat was granted the rights to develop Egypts third mobile network, with a winning bid of 16.7 billion Egyptian pounds (EUR à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬2.29 billion euro). The venture, Etisalat Egypt, competes with existing service providers Vodafone and Mobinil. On September 12, 2006, it was announced that the network would be built by Ericsson of Sweden, and Huawei of China, at a cost of approximately USD $1.2 billion. In 2007, at the Comms MEA Awards ceremony Etisalat was presented with the Best New Entrant award for its Egyptian operations. Award winners were selected by a panel of experts from KPMG, the Arab Advisors Group and Oliver Wyman, Dubai. Canar Sudan Etisalat is one of the founding partner companies of Canar Telecom, a fixed-line telecom services operator. In September 2007 Etisalat has raised its stake in Canar from 37% to 82% at an estimated cost of AED 584.17 million (USD $159 million). Canar was launched on November 27, 2005. The operator is reported to use NGN and Wireless Local Loop (WLL) technologies for its voice, data, internet and multimedia services. Canar is one of the first operators in Africa to use an NGN network core. EMTS Nigeria Etisalat signed an agreement to acquire 40% of and manage Emerging Markets Telecommunications Services, Nigerias fifth GSM operator. It is now operating with about 5 million Subscribers, and recently signed an agreement with Main One cable company to launch one of the first major broadband service in Nigeria. Zantel Tanzania In January 1999, Etisalat acquired a stake in Zanzibar Telecom (a Tanzania-based mobile operator) for USD $2.4 million (AED 8.8 million) and has subsequently increased the stake by 17% in July 2007. Since then, Zantel has introduced telcom services that are typical for the African region, such as mobile banking services for customers without access to banking facilities (Zpesa Mobile Banking). Atlantique Telecom/Moov West Africa In Africa, Etisalat acquired 50% of Atlantique Telecoms shares in April 2005. Based in the Ivory Coast, AT owns mobile operators in Benin, Burkina Faso, Togo, Niger, Central African Republic, Gabon and Ivory Coast. In 2007, Etisalat increased its shares in AT to 70% and again in May 2008, to 82%. AT group subscribers totaled 2.9 million at the end of 2007, which is a 107% increase from the previous year. Ivory Coast: Moov, is currently Ivory Coasts third-largest cell-phone operator with a 1.5 million customer base. In 2008 Moov Ivory Coast introduced the first nationwide cell-phone coverage, based on Thuraya satellite access technology. It is the first time that such a service has been offered in sub-Saharan Africa, outside South Africa. It was expected that the expanded coverage introduced by the satellite service would help boost Moovs customer base and even overtake France Telecoms unit Orange as the top telecom services provider in the country. Benin: Etisalat operates in Benin under the Moov brand. On 24 October 2007 the government of Benin has reassigned Telecels operating license to Etisalat. In February 2008, His Excellency Dr. Boni Yayi, President of Benin, honoured Etisalat chairman, Mohammad Hassan Omran during a ceremony to celebrate Etisalats efforts in developing and promoting the telecommunications sector in Benin. XL Axiata Indonesia Indonesia-based mobile services operator PT XL Axiata (formerly PT Excelcomindo Pratama) is Etisalats first acquisition in the Far East. In December 2007 Etisalat took a 15.97% stake after paying USD $438 million (AED 1.6 billion). At the time of the acquisition XL had 15 million mobile subscribers. Etisalat Afghanistan Etisalat Afghanistan is a newly established GSM operator, 100% owned by Etisalat. It was established in May 2006 after the UAE telecom won the license to operate the fourth mobile services provider in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Etisalats bid for the license was USD $1.2 billion (AED 4.4 billion) and services were launched in August 2007. Etisalat Afghanistan operates out of Kabul and as of March 3, 2010, the company has achieved 24 per cent market share in 27 provinces of Afghanistan. Etisalat Sri Lanka Etisalat acquired the Sri Lankan Operation of Millicom International Cellular (MIC), Tigo (Sri Lanka) on 16 October 2009. The acquisition was completed with a total enterprise value of 207 Million US$, out of which 155 Million US$ was in cash. Tigo (Sri Lanka) under the then brand name CELLTEL started operations in June 1989 on a Motorola TACS system and was the first cellular operator in Sri Lanka as well as South Asia. In January 2007, Millicom replaced the local CELLTEL brand with Tigo, their international brand. In February 2010, Tigo was rebranded as Etisalat. It competes with international operators like Dialog Telekom (Telekom Malaysia), Mobitel (Sri Lanka Telecom), Hutch (Hutchison) and Airtel (Bharti Airtel), using technologies GSM/EDGE and hopes to launch UMTS/HSDPA services over 900/1800 and 2100 MHz in 2011. Etisalat India In 2009 Etisalat has announced that its Indian unit, erstwhile Swan Telecom (owned by Dynamix Balwas Realty and Reliance Communications), headquartered in Mumbai, is renamed to Etisalat DB Telecom India Pvt. Ltd Telecom Renamed Etisalat Telecom India Pvt. Ltd. The business unit has been awarded Unified Services Access License in 15 circles Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Mumbai, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu (including Chennai), Uttar Pradesh (East), Uttar Pradesh (West), Madhya Pradesh and Bihar. In April 2010 Etisalat began signal testing in Chennai [IND 922], Delhi NCR [IND 913], Maharashtra Goa [IND 919], Mumbai [IND 916] and Gujarat[IND 914]. In May 2010, Etisalat was in talks to buy 25% stake in Reliance Communications, but the deal was not finalised. In 2010, following the $39 billion 2G spectrum scam, Etisalat DB, the Indian subsidiary of the company, was stopped from buying a stake in a Chennai-based company due to objections raised by the Indias home ministry(MHA). Etisalat DB was not allowed to buy back the 5.27 per cent stake held by Chennai-based Genex Exim Ventures since the home ministry raised objections based largely on security concerns. The MHA had pointed out four issues that needed to be resolved before allowing the company to come into Etisalat DB, a company that got scarce 2G spectrum at allegedly throwaway prices, First, vice-chairman Shahid Balwa should not be involved in the operations of the company in any capacity, because of his connections with underworld don Dawood Ibrahim, second, the MHA raised objections about the commercial relationship between the Dubai-based Etisalat Group and Chinas Huawei. The MHA suspects, Huawei has links with Chinas Peoples Liberation Army the countrys military organization of all land, sea, strategic missile and air forces and has the capacity to manipulate equipment supply, third, it raised objections about Etisalats presence in Pakistan and its connection with Pakistans intelligence agency ISI. Etisalat owns a 26% stake in Pakistan Telecommunications and has a subscriber base of 3 million in Afghanistan and fourth, the MHA has also expressed concerns about the telecom surveillance software Etisalat had used in a Blackberry service it had introduced in the UAE and recommended that the company should not be allowed to offer Blackberry services in India. b) Social; technological: Etisalat Etisalat UAE is headquartered in Abu Dhabi and includes three regional offices Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Northern Emirates. Etisalat Company is owned by the UAE government and it is stipulated law that state, with seven out of 11 of the Board of Directors being government representatives, including the Chairman. Abu Dhabi Region Key positions: Etisalat Chairman: Mohamed Hassan Omran Etisalat A/CEO: Nasser Bin Abood Senior Vice President Marketing: Khalifa Al Forah Al Shamsi Group Senior Vice President corporate Communications: Ahmed Bin Ali Corporate Governance The General Assembly The General Assembly is composed of all shareholders of the Corporation. The General Assembly is entrusted with approving the Boards Annual Report on the Corporations activities and financial position during the preceding financial year. The Assembly is also entrusted with approving the report of the external auditors, discussing and approving the balance sheet and the profit and loss account for the previous financial year, appointing external auditors and approving the Boards recommendations regarding the allocation of profit. The General Assembly exercises all powers of the Corporation within the limits of the law and the Articles of Association. The Board of Directors The Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (Etisalat) is managed by a Board of Directors presided over by the Chairman and consists of eleven members, including the Chairman, seven of whom are appointed by Presidential Decree to represent the Federal Government of the United Arab Emirates, and the remaining Four elected by the 40% non-government shareholders of the Corporation. The term of the Board of Directors is three years, as applicable to each group of members according to the date of their appointment or election. The Board of Directors carries out the Corporations business and for that purpose, exercises all powers of the Corporation, except those reserved by Law or the Articles of Association for the General Assembly of the Corporation. The Executive Committee The Executive Committee is appointed by the Board of Directors in accordance with Section 20 of the Articles of Association. It is empowered to take decisions on behalf of the Board and/ or to make certain recommendations to it concerning particular matters. The Executive Committees functions and powers include organizational matters of the Corporation (such as overseeing statutory, organizational and employment matters and Corporate performance), planning and development (overseeing development plans and projects, and approval of the budget prior to submission to the Board), operations (reviews efficiency of service and lays down policies concerning investments of surplus funds), projects (sets the terms for the project agreements, approves relevant tenders over AED 50 million, and approves project overruns and variations over AED 10 million), procurement (approves purchases over AED 50 million), and investments (including international Investments and expansion projects). The Audit Committee Communicate Entertain Inform c) Internet services The number of Etisalats Internet subscribers reportedly stands at 1.02 million.[42] Some of the Internet services for home users that Etisalat offers include: 3G Mobile Internet access Broadband Internet services (Al Shamil[43] and eLife[44]) Prepaid and post-paid dialup Internet access Etisalat also operates iZone, a system of Wi-FI hotspots in central locations, such as shopping malls, restaurants, and sheesha cafes. iZone can be accessed by either purchasing prepaid cards (AED 15/hour, USD $4.5/hour), or if using an existing account with the operator (AED 3/hour for dial-up account holders, or AED 10/hour for broadband users). Dial-up and ISDN Internet access services are billed by the hour, whereas the domestic and residential cable and DSL connections have a fixed monthly rate depending on speed. Other Internet links, aimed at business users, have traffic utilization plans and relatively high rates when exceeding the allocated bandwidth quota. This has caused bad publicity for Etisalat and is a major source of criticism. Internet censorship Page Blocked Notice Etisalat operates an Internet content filtering system that blocks access to web resources. The web resources are claimed to be controversial or offensive (i.e. sexually explicit content, certain political and religious websites, anonymizers and proxies) or harmful (i.e. numeric IP addresses, known phishing or malicious websites, botnet command servers). The use of content filtering is mandated by the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) of the United Arab Emirates. The type of content that is restricted by Etisalat includes: Pornography, nudity and sexually explicit content. The entire Israel country code top-level domain (.il) Certain media-sharing websites Anti-Islamic websites. Websites criticizing the United Arab Emirates (such as UAEprison and Arab Times) Anonymous proxy sites (such as vtunnel, pzeg, etc.), Gay and Lesbian Rights websites (such as Gaydar, Mogenic etc.) Numerical IP address links (for example, http://10.11.1.1/),Voice over IP services providers websites (such as Skype, Vonage) There are claims that Etisalat breaks the rules of net neutrality by throttling peer-to-peer, gaming and other types of network traffic in order to reduce the load on its oversubscribed international links. The effect of this interference is most noticeable during weekends or periods of high network use. The overall efficiency of the country-wide content filtering is unclear, as many of the technologically savvy users have discovered tools and methods to bypass the content filter, such as using Tor. BlackBerry In July 2009, Etisalat pushed an update to BlackBerry devices operating on the telecoms national network, citing performance improvements. However, it was later discovered that the update contained eavesdropping software, developed by the US-based software development company SS8, which specializes in electronic surveillance. It is reported that the software enabled the company to monitor and forward communications on BlackBerry devices to their servers.[48][49] Research in Motion, BlackBerrys developer, acknowledged[50] that the patch was a form of spyware, and issued a removal patch on July 20. On December 27, 2009, both Etisalat and Du (telco) have been mandated by the UAE telecom regulator to start filtering BlackBerry users web access and block illegal content. Due to concerns with the security and the provisioning of legal interception for Blackberry non-voice services, on 1 Aug 2010, the Telecommunication Regularity Authority of the UAE instructed Etisalat that all Blackberry e-mail, internet and messenger functions must be suspended on 1 Oct 2010 d) The Operating Structure of the Corporation In 2009 Etisalat implemented a group structure to manage its international expansion strategy, protect value from the Corporations United Arab Emirates operations, secure value creation from its seventeen international operations, and to gain the trust of its stakeholders by putting in place a solid structure and governance and adherence to best practices. At the level of the United Arab Emirates, the Group organization structure features two autonomous Operating Units: Etisalat UAE Unit (which is entrusted with provisioning Licensed Telecom Services in the United Arab Emirates);and the Etisalat Services Unit (a wholly owned holding company entrusted with providing certain non-core, non-telecom services to the Corporation, as well as to third parties). The Group exercises and sets its various activities and responsibilities and sets its key corporate policies, prepares plans, and monitors the operational and financial performance of its operating companies, and reports the same to the Board of Directors and the Executive Committee on a regular basis. e) Consolidated income statement before the year ended 31 December 2009 Consolidated statement of comprehensive income a) DU History The Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company (EITC) is a telecommunications company in the United Arab Emirates. Although Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company is its legal name, it was commercially rebranded as du in February 2006. The company has invested AED 2.4 billion in 2009 and added 1 million active mobile subscribers in 2009, bringing its subscriber base to 3.48 million. du offers fixed and mobile telephony, broadband connectivity and IPTV services to individuals, homes and businesses, and carrier services for businesses. On February 11, 2007, du launched its own mobile service with call tariffs almost identical to those of Etisalat, thus eliminating any possibility of price competition between the two providers. Subscribers to du mobile services can be identified by the dialing prefix 055 b) Social; technological: DU Chief Executive Officer Osman Sultan Chief Financial Officer Mark Shuttleworth Chief Commercial Officer Farid Faraidooni Chief Technology Officer Yatinder Mahajan Chief Human Resources and Corporate Services Officer Fahad Al Hassawi Chief Strategy and Investments Officer Raghu Venkataraman Chief Corporate Affairs Officer Ananda Bose du is committed to operating according to global best-practice throughout all aspects of its business. While the company has continued to achieve exceptional results, the world has witnessed significant challenges against a backdrop of the financial crisis. The need for commitment to good governance has never been greater. du has operated under a strong corporate governance culture, since the company was founded. The board of directors Leading our corporate governance efforts is a Board of nine Directors, chaired by Ahmad Bin Byat, which meets on a quarterly basis. Meetings are structured to allow open discussion. All directors participate in discussing the strategy, trading and financial performance and risk management of the Company. In line with ESCA and international guidelines, the roles of Chairman and Chief Executive du board and committees In addition, the company has a number of Board Committees, including the Audit Compliance Committee, Remuneration and Nomination Committee, and an Investment Committee, which are responsible for monitoring, reviewing and making recommendations for their respective areas. audit compliance committee The Audit Compliance Committee consists of three directors and meets quarterly. The internal audit function of du has a direct reporting line into the Audit Compliance Committee. This committee is responsible for reviewing dus results and financial statements, reviewing the activities of internal auditors and monitoring compliance with statutory requirements. Audit compliance committee members: Ziad Galadari (Chairman) Younis Al Khoori Fadel Al Ali Remuneration and nomination committee The Remuneration and Nomination Committee meets as required and consists of three directors and is responsible for the assessment and recommendation of policy on executive remuneration and packages for individual executive directors. Remuneration and nomination committee members: Waleed Al Muhairi (Chairman) Abdulhamid Saeed Abdulla Al Shamsi Investment committee The investment committee, which is not an ESCA requirement, consists of four directors. Its main function is to evaluate the companys investment plans to ensure that shareholders will see an appropriate return on investment. It meets a minimum of four times per year. Investment committee members: Eissa Al Suwaidi (Chairman) Ahmad Bin Byat Jassem Al Zaabi Fadel Al Ali c) Key management decisions -DU Censorship: Unlawful websites Users who tried to access a blocked web page were initially redirected to dus first block page. As rendered in the Opera web browser In March 2008, Du began selectively blocking VOIP traffic, preventing customers from using the computer-to-phone functionality of VOIP systems. The blocking is justified on the grounds that computer-to-phone VOIP services are illegal under UAE telecom law. Both of the telecoms providers in the UAE derive a large proportion of their income from expatriates making expensive international calls to their home countries. However, a specific exemption in the telecom law permits the use of VOIP for computer-to-computer calls, and so it is still possible to access VOIP websites, download VOIP software, set up accounts and use the software to make computer-to-computer calls, both audio and video. If a computer-to-phone call is attempted, it will typically fail to connect unless a VPN is used (see below). On April 14, 2008, du started instituting the same widespread censorship of the web that has been practiced by Etisalat for some years. Any attempt to access content deemed inappropriate by the UAE censor results in a blocked page. As well as pornography, blocking includes blogs, forums and news articles that are critical of the UAE, as well as a proportion of sites that seem to be accidentally blocked as they have no obviously In March 2008, Du began selectively blocking VOIP traffic, preventing customers from using the computer-to-phone functionality of VOIP systems. The blocking is justified on the grounds that computer-to-phone VOIP services are illegal under UAE telecom law. Both of the telecoms providers in the UAE derive a large proportion of their income from expatriates making expensive international calls to their home countries. However, a specific exemption in the telecom law permits the use of VOIP for computer-to-computer calls, and so it is still possible to access VOIP websites, download VOIP software, set up accounts and use the software to make computer-to-computer calls, both audio and video. If a computer-to-phone call is attempted, it will typically fail to connect unless a VPN is used (see below). On April 14, 2008, du started instituting the same widespread censorship of the web that has been practised by Etisalat for some years. Any attempt to access content deemed inappropriate by the UAE censor results in a blocked page. As well as pornography, blocking includes blogs, forums and news articles that are critical of the UAE, as well as a proportion of sites that seem to be accidentally blocked as they have no obviously controversial content. d) Operational changes-DU Achieved record revenues of AED5.3 billion and profits of AED528 million in 2009 Added over 1 million active mobile subscribers, bringing total to 3.5 million at year end Exceeded mobile market share target, reaching 32% in third year of operation Invested AED2.4 billion on network and infrastructure development in 2009 to enhance capacity and coverage Continued to provide innovation, value for money and performance to all our customers Well positioned to achieve long term growth and sustainable profitability Listed on the Dubai Financial Market (DFM) under the ticker code: du Date of listing: 22nd April 2006 Net profit at 31st December 2009: AED528mln Earnings per share: 0.066 du is an integrated telecom service provider, offering customers throughout the UAE the best in quality, innovation, and competitive pricing. During 2009 it added more than 1 million active mobile subscribers, proving that we have established ourselves as the operator of choice for the majority of new subscribers in the UAE market. DU offered fixed and mobile telephony, broadband connectivity and IPTV services to individuals, homes and businesses, and carrier services for businesses. du is a rapidly-growing enterprise, with close to 2,000 staff, from over 60 countries, working to enhance and expand our range of service offerings. This wide variety of personnel allows us to mirror the rich cultural diversity of our nation, while being able to serve our customers in a number of different languages. Over 50% of senior management team and customer-facing staff are UAE nationals. Du is committed to provide opportunities for quality talent in a cosmopolitan working environment. e) Financial -DU Full Year 2010 results analysis Revenue Growth (AED Millions) Mobile Fixed Subscriber Growth (Thousands) Press Release du Announces Full Year 2010 Results Revenues exceed AED 7 billion with a 32% increase for the full year 2010 Net profit before royalty exceeds AED 1.2 billion with a 132% increase Dubai, 3 March 2011 Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company PJSC (du) today announced its financial results for the fourth quarter and full year 2010, showing record revenues, and continued healthy customer additions. Highlights for the full year 2010: 856,000 net active1 mobile customers added during the year, taking the total at yearend to 4.3 million. Revenues reached AED 7,074 million, a 32% increase versus 2009 (AED 5,339 million). Gross margin grew by 31% year on year to AED 4,601 million versus 2009 (AED 3,507million). EBITDA2 grew 90% to AED 2,018 million versus 2009 (AED 1,064 million). Net profit before royalty increased by 132% year on year to AED 1,226 million versus2009 (AED 528 million). Net profit after royalty increased to AED 1,310 million from AED 264 million in 2009,following the announcement by UAE Federal Government that the royalty rate for the Company commences from 1 January 2010 and that royalty rate for the year ended 31December 2010 is 15%.3million). Task 3 Etisalat STRENGTHS Etisalat is a monopoly shared by DU in telecommunications which allows no competition whereby maximizing profits Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (Etisalat) is majority-owned by the Ministry of Communications (60%), with the remaining shares publicly-traded on the national stock exchange and held by UAE nationals. This report outlines the companys recent activities and corporate strategy Etisalat is a company established worldwide Etisalat is well developed company with wider penetration in UAE Etisalat weakness Etisalat investments globally is not direct hence they dont have direct control over these investments; hence they only get dividends which means they are a passive player not an active player. This will limit etisalats growth to advance in terms of commercials Etisalat is a monopoly

The Federal Court System :: essays research papers

The Federal Court System Chapter 18 Sections 3 and 4 I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Supreme Court A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The supreme court of the United States is the only court specifically created in the constitution a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chief Justice of the United States b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eight associate justices II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Judicial Review A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1st asserted its power of judicial review in the classic case of Marbury vs. Madison in 1803 a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  aftermath of the stormy election of 1800 b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Provision of the Judicial Act of 1789, in which congress had created the federal court system. Law gave the Supreme Court the right to hear such suits in its original jurisdiction (not on appeal from a lower court). 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Court Refused Request B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marshall’s powerful opinion a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The constitution is, by its own terms, the supreme law of the land b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All legislative enactments, and all other actions of the government, are subordinate to and cannot be allowed to conflict with the supreme law c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Judges are sworn to enforce the provisions of the Constitution and therefore must refuse to enforce any governmental action they find to be in conflict with it III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jurisdiction A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Original and appellate jurisdiction a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  from lower federal courts and from the highest State courts b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Article III, Section 2 of the Constitution spells out two classes of cases that may be heard by the High Court in its original jurisdiction 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  those to which a State is a party 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  those affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and councils B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Congress can implement the constitutional provision A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Court shall have the original and exclusive jurisdiction over 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  all controversies between two or more States 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  all cases brought against ambassadors or other public ministers, but not consuls IV.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How cases Reach the Court A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6,000 cases are now appealed to the Supreme Court each year. Of these, the Court accepts only a few hundred for decision. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chosen according to â€Å"the rule of four†: at least four of its nine justices must agree that a case should be put on the Court’s docket. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most cases reach the supreme Court by writ of certiorari 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  an order by the Court directing a lower court to send up the record in a given case for review 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Either party can petition the Court to issue a writ 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Cert† is granted in only a limited number of instances – typically, only when a petition raises some important constitutional question or a serious problem of statutory interpretation. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When certiorari is denied, the decision of the lower court stands in that particular case. a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All the denial means is that, for whatever reason, four or more justices could not agree that the Supreme Court should accept that case for review C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Few cases do reach the Court in yet another way, by certificate.